Research Progress on the Application of Human Oral Microbiome in Forensic Individual Identification / 法医学杂志

The oral cavity is the second largest microbial bank in humans after the intestinal canal, colonizing a large number of microorganisms including viruses, bacteria, archaea, fungi and protozoa. The great number of microbial cells, good DNA stability, and individual has a unique microbial community, these characteristics make the human microbiome expected to become a new biomarker for forensic individual identification. This article describes the characteristics of human oral microorganisms and microbial molecular markers in detail, analyzes the potential application value of microorganisms in forensic individual identification, and reviews the research progress of human oral microorganisms in forensic individual identification.

Association of rs4638289 and rs7131332 polymorphisms of the serum amyloid A1 gene with Kawasaki disease / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To study the association of the polymorphisms of the serum amyloid A1 (SAA1) gene at rs4638289 and rs7131332 loci with Kawasaki disease (KD) and its complication coronary artery lesion (CAL) in children.@*METHODS@#A total of 105 Han children with KD who were hospitalized and treated from 2013 to 2017 were enrolled as the KD group. A total of 100 Han children who underwent physical examination were enrolled as the control group. According to the presence or absence of CAL, the KD group was further divided into a CAL group with 23 children and a non-CAL (NCAL) group with 82 children. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism was used to investigate the polymorphisms of the SAA1 gene at rs4638289 and rs7131332 loci.@*RESUKTS@#For the locus rs4638289 of the SAA1 gene, there were no significant differences between the KD and control groups in the genotype frequencies of AA, AT, and TT and the allele frequencies of A and T (P>0.05). But there were significant differences between the CAL and NCAL groups in the genotype frequencies of AA, AT, and TT (P=0.016), while there were no significant differences in the allele frequencies of A and T (P>0.05). AT genotype was a protective factor against CAL (OR=0.276, 95%CI: 0.099-0.772, P=0.011). For the locus rs7131332 of the SAA1 gene, there were no significant differences between the KD and control groups in the genotype frequencies of AA, AG, and GG and the allele frequencies of A and G (P>0.05). There were also no significant differences between the CAL and NCAL groups in the genotype frequencies of AA, AG, and GG and the allele frequencies of A and G (P>0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Polymorphisms of the SAA1 gene at loci rs4638289 and rs7131332 are not associated with the onset of KD, while the polymorphism at the locus rs4638289 is associated with CAL in KD patients. KD patients with genotype AT may have a reduced risk of CAL.

Change in P wave on electrocardiogram and its diagnostic value in children and adolescents with cardioinhibitory vasovagal syncope / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To study the change in P wave on electrocardiogram and its diagnostic value in children and adolescents with cardioinhibitory vasovagal syncope (VVS-CI).@*METHODS@#A total of 43 children and adolescents who were diagnosed with VVS-CI were enrolled as the VVS-CI group, and 43 healthy children and adolescents were enrolled as the control group. P wave duration and P wave voltage were measured by 12-lead electrocardiography in a basal state, and the changes were analyzed.@*RESULTS@#Compared with the control group, the VVS-CI group had a significantly lower heart rate (P<0.05) and significantly longer P wave duration (Pwd), P wave maximum duration (Pmax), and corrected P wave maximum duration (Pcmax), as well as significantly higher P wave dispersion (Pd) and corrected P wave dispersion (Pcd) (P<0.05). Pwd, Pmax, Pd, Pcmax and Pcd had a certain diagnostic value in children and adolescents with VVS-CI (P<0.05): Pwd had a sensitivity of 69.77% and a specificity of 83.72% at the optimal cut-off value of 78.49 ms; Pmax had a sensitivity of 76.74% and a specificity of 90.70% at the optimal cut-off value of 93.39 ms; Pd had a sensitivity of 95.35% and a specificity of 69.77% at the optimal cut-off value of 27.42 ms; Pcmax had a sensitivity of 46.51% and a specificity of 88.37% at the optimal cut-off value of 120.90 ms; Pcd had a sensitivity of 83.72% and a specificity of 72.09% at the optimal cut-off value of 36.37 ms.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Children and adolescents with VVS-CI have significantly increased Pwd, Pmax, Pd, Pcmax, and Pcd, which may indicate abnormal atrial electrical activity. The cut-off value of P wave has a certain diagnostic value in VVS-CI.

Investigation of TCM Constitutions and Lifestyles of Subjects with Positive Tumor Marker Screening / 中国中医药信息杂志

Objective To explore the differences of TCM constitutions and lifestyles among the subjects with positive tumor marker screening and those with normal tumor marker screening. Methods Totally 245 subjects with positive tumor marker screening from September 2014 to December 2017 in Weihai area were selected as the observation group and 300 subjects with normal tumor marker screening were selected as the control group. Field questionnaire was used to investigate TCM constitutions and lifestyles. Results In the observation group, the ratio of constitution of yin-yang harmony was significantly lower than the control group, with statistical significance (χ2=207.483, P＜0.001). The ratios of constitution of phlegm-dampness, constitution of blood stasis, constitution of qi deficiency and constitution of qi stagnation were significantly higher than the control group, with statistical significance (P＜0.05). There was statistical significance between the 2 groups in irregular rest, heavy drinking, regular smoking, lack of exercise, irregular diet and partial eclipse (P＜0.05). CEA, a positive indicator of tumor markers in the observation group, was commonly found in constitution of phlegm-dampness (40.43％) and constitution of qi deficiency (22.70％); CA199 was commonly found in constitution of qi stagnation (38.71％) and constitution of qi deficiency (24.19％); AFP was commonly found in constitution of blood stasis (38.46％) and constitution of qi deficiency (23.08％); CA125 was commonly found in constitution of blood stasis (33.33％) and constitution of qi stagnation (19.05％); CYFRA21-1 was commonly found in constitution of phlegm-dampness (54.55％) and constitution of qi deficiency (22.73％); PSA was commonly found in constitution of phlegm-dampness (61.52％) and constitution of damp-heat (23.08％). Conclusion Effectively controling the distribution of TCM constitutions of subjects with positive tumor marker screening in Weihai area and understanding the influence of lifestyles on tumor markers can provide guidance for clinical improvement of patients' biased constitutions and reduction of positive indicators of tumor markers.

Initiating Characteristics of Early-onset Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Chinese Patients / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has traditionally been considered to affect mainly the elderly; however, the age at diagnosis has gradually reduced in recent years. Although the incidence of young-onset T2DM is increasing, it is still not fully clear the onset characteristics and risk factors of early-onset T2DM. The aim of this study was to describe the initiating characteristics of early-onset T2DM in Chinese patients and evaluate the risk factors for diabetes mellitus.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>This cross-sectional controlled study was performed using a questionnaire survey method in outpatients of multiple centers in China. A total of 1545 patients with T2DM with an age at onset of <40 years were included, and the control group consisted of subjects aged <40 years with normal blood glucose level.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In patients with young-onset T2DM, the mean age and initial hemoglobin 1Ac at diagnosis were 32.96 ± 5.40 years and 9.59 ± 2.71%, respectively. Most of the patients were obese, followed irregular diet pattern and sedentary lifestyle, had life or work pressure, and had a family history of diabetes mellitus. Compared with subjects with normal blood glucose level, logistic regression analysis showed that waist-to-hip ratio (odds ratio [OR] 446.99, 95% confidence interval [CI] 42.37-4714.87), family history of diabetes mellitus (OR 23.46, CI 14.47-38.03), dyslipidemia (OR 2.65, CI 1.54-4.56), diastolic blood pressure (OR 1.02, CI 1.00-1.04), and body mass index (OR 0.95, CI 0.92-0.99) are independent factors for early-onset T2DM.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>We observed that abdominal obesity, family history of diabetes mellitus, and medical history of hypertension and dyslipidemia are independent risk factors for early-onset T2DM. It is, therefore, necessary to apply early lifestyle intervention in young people with risk of diabetes mellitus.</p>

Changes of Acin1 expression in congenital cataract mouse during retinal development / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

?AlM: To observe the expression of Acin1 ( apoptotic chromatin condensation inducer 1 ) in congenital cataract mouse retina during development and investigate the differences of retinal apoptosis and the connection of lens and retina development between congenital cataract mouse and normal mouse. ?METHODS: There were congenital cataract mice ( 10 female and 5 male) and normal C57BL/6 mice (10 female and 5 male) . One male and two female mice were fed in the same cage randomly. The young mice were divided into two groups: congenital cataract group and normal control group. Five young mice were treated each group on 1, 5, 9, 14, 17, 21, 26, 60d. The left eyes were fixed with 4% neutral formalin to detect AClN1 protein by immunohistochemistry and retinas from right eyes were used to detect the mRNA expression of Acin1. ?RESULTS: Acin1 had sustained expression in each group. AClN1 protein gradually expressed from the ganglion cell layer, inner nuclear layer to the outer nuclear layer following retinal development. lt mainly expressed on ganglion cell layer and inner nuclear layer, but not neuroblastoma layer. AClN1 protein positive cells on P1 ~ P14d increased in normal control group, P17d reduced, after P21d positive cells of each layers decreased. The overall trend was similar in congenital cataract group with normal control group, P1 ~ P14d positive cells count was lower than normal control group, P17-P21d positive cells were flat and higher than the normal control group. Compared with the same day of the two groups, the differences except for P17, P26, P60d were significant (P ?CONCLUSlON: Acin1 exist differential expression of time and space in mouse retina during development, congenital cataract crystal developmental disorder may affect the expression of Acin1 and retinal cell apoptosis and development.

Intravenous infusion of mesenchymal stem cells can stabilize vulnerable atherosclerotic plaque / 第二军医大学学报

Objective To establish the vulnerable atherosclerotic plaque model with rabbits and treat them with intravenous infusion of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), so as to verify the impact of MSCs on the stability of vulnerable plaque (VP). Methods Totally 24 healthy male New Zealand whiterabbits were randomly divided into three groups. Carotid vulnerable atherosclerotic plaque models were made with rabbits in VP group (n = 8) and VP+MSCs group (n = 8); VP+MSCs group was given intravenous infusion of 1X107 MSCs immediately after modeling and VP group was infused with phosphate buffer. Stable atherosclerosis plaque model was made with rabbit in SP group (n = 8). Animals in all groups were sacrificed at the end of the 12th week, and the right common carotid arteries were collected and subjected to H-E staining and Masson staining, and the cap/core ratio of atherosclerotic plaque was measured. MMP-2 content was examined by immunohistochemistry. Results H-E staining. In VP group the plaque showed a large lipid core and thin fibrous cap, remnants of foam cells and many inflammatory cells were seen in the plaque shoulder, and some showed rupture plaques and/or thrombosis. In SP group, the structure of plaque was in integrity, with thick fibrous cap and fewer inflammatory cells, and with no plaque rupture. The plaque structure of VP + MSCs group was between those of the other two groups. The order of cap/core ratio was SP group >VP+MSCs group >VP group, with that of VP group being significantly different from those of the other two groups (P<0. 01). Masson staining. The contents of muscle fiber and elastic fiber were the highest in SP group, followed by VP+MSCs group, and then by VP group. The level of MMP-2 in VP group was significantly higher than those in the other two groups(P<0. 01), and that in VP+MSCs group was significantly higher than that in SP group (P<0. 01). Conclusion Intravenous infusion of MSCs can improve the stability of plaques in VP rabbit model, which may be associated with the reduction of inflammatory cells and MMP-2 level, and the subsequent reduction of collagen fiber degradation.

Effect of cinobufacini injection on the tumor growth of tumor bearing rats of different constitutions / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe effects of cold- and hot-property herbs and effects of hot and cold constitutions on the tumor growth of tumor bearing rats, and to observe the effect of Cinobufacini Injection (CI) on the tumor growth of tumor bearing rats of different constitutions.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Eighty healthy male Wistar rats were randomly divided into eight groups, i.e., the tumor bearing control group, the tumor bearing heat syndrome group, the tumor bearing cold syndrome group, the heat syndrome tumor bearing group, the cold syndrome tumor bearing group, the tumor bearing CI group, the heat syndrome tumor bearing CI group, and the cold syndrome tumor bearing CI group, respectively. The weight and volume of rats' subcutaneous tumor were measured 14 days after tumor inoculation.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The weight and volume of tumor in the heat syndrome tumor bearing CI group [(3.55 +/- 1.12) g, (2864.44 +/- 1430.51) mm3] and the tumor bearing CI group [(4.29 +/- 1.14) g, (3397.19 +/- 1701.13) mm3] were significantly lower than those of the tumor bearing control group [(6.01 +/- 2.45) g, (6218.91 +/- 3837.64) mm3] and the cold syndrome tumor bearing CI group [(6.90 +/- 1.57) g, (6168.42 +/- 2457.03) mm3], showing statistical difference (P<0.05). There was insignificant difference among other groups.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>CI showed better tumor inhibition effects on tumor bearing rats of heat syndrome constitution, which indicated CI was of cold property. It might be possibly used in tumor bearing rats of heat syndrome constitution.</p>

Pathological changes of the cornea in rabbits with hyphema and concurrent ocular hypertension / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the impact of hyphema secondary to high intraocular pressure on corneal pathology in rabbits.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Thirty adult New Zealand rabbit were randomized into 3 equal groups, and in each rabbit, one eye served as the experimental eye with the other as the control eye. In the experimental eye, autoblood was injected into the anterior chamber to induce high intraocular pressure maintained for 3, 5, or 8 days. Only saline was injected into the control eye. After the injections, the cornea was observed with slit-lamp microscopy, and at 3, 5, or 8 days, the experimental and control eyes were taken from the 3 groups for microscopic examination of the corneas to detect the occurrence of cornea bloodstain with prolonged high intraocular pressure. Corneal edema, elastic fibers changes, growth of new blood vessels, changes of eosinophils, fibroblasts, lymphocytes and plasma cells, as well as the pathological changes of the corneal layers were observed and compared between the experimental and control eyes.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Maintenance of high intraocular pressure for 8 days resulted in the most severe corneal edema and thickening, and histopathologically, the corneal stroma showed widened space between the elastic fibers and obvious fiber distortion. Neovascularization was seen in the marginal cornea where eosinophil infiltration occurred with a small number of lymphocytes, plasma cells and fiber cells. All the three groups showed more obvious edema in the posterior than in the anterior cornea.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Prolonged hyphema with ocular hypertension results in aggravation of corneal edema, and corneal blood staining does not occur until 8 days of high intraocular pressure but corneal elastic fiber disruption can be seen, suggesting the impending irreversible pathological changes of cornea.</p>